Gifts For Her Biography
(Source google.com)
Mary Shelley (née Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin; 30 August 1797 – 1 February 1851) was an English novelist, short story writer, dramatist, essayist, biographer, and travel writer, best known for her Gothic novel Frankenstein: or, The Modern Prometheus (1818). She also edited and promoted the works of her husband, the Romantic poet and philosopher Percy Bysshe Shelley. Her father was the political philosopher William Godwin, and her mother was the philosopher and feminist Mary Wollstonecraft. Mary Godwin's mother died when she was eleven days old; afterwards, she and her older half-sister, Fanny Imlay, were raised by her father. When Mary was four, Godwin married his neighbour, Mary Jane Clairmont. Godwin provided his daughter with a rich, if informal, education, encouraging her to adhere to his liberal political theories. In 1814, Mary Godwin began a romantic relationship with one of her father’s political followers, the married Percy Bysshe Shelley. Together with Mary's stepsister, Claire Clairmont, they left for France and travelled through Europe; upon their return to England, Mary was pregnant with Percy's child. Over the next two years, she and Percy faced ostracism, constant debt, and the death of their prematurely born daughter. They married in late 1816 after the suicide of Percy Shelley's first wife, Harriet.
In 1816, the couple famously spent a summer with Lord Byron, John William Polidori, and Claire Clairmont near Geneva, Switzerland, where Mary conceived the idea for her novel Frankenstein. The Shelleys left Britain in 1818 for Italy, where their second and third children died before Mary Shelley gave birth to her last and only surviving child, Percy Florence. In 1822, her husband drowned when his sailing boat sank during a storm near Viareggio. A year later, Mary Shelley returned to England and from then on devoted herself to the upbringing of her son and a career as a professional author. The last decade of her life was dogged by illness, probably caused by the brain tumour that was to kill her at the age of 53. Until the 1970s, Mary Shelley was known mainly for her efforts to publish Percy Shelley's works and for her novel Frankenstein, which remains widely read and has inspired many theatrical and film adaptations. Recent scholarship has yielded a more comprehensive view of Mary Shelley’s achievements. Scholars have shown increasing interest in her literary output, particularly in her novels, which include the historical novels Valperga (1823) and Perkin Warbeck (1830), the apocalyptic novel The Last Man (1826), and her final two novels,Lodore (1835) and Falkner (1837). Studies of her lesser-known works such as the travel book Rambles in Germany and Italy (1844) and the biographical articles for Dionysius Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia (1829–46) support the growing view that Mary Shelley remained a political radical throughout her life. Mary Shelley's works often argue that cooperation and sympathy, particularly as practised by women in the family, were the ways to reform civil society. This view was a direct challenge to the individualistic Romantic ethos promoted by Percy Shelley and the Enlightenment political theories articulated by her father, William Godwin.
Mary Shelley was born Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin in Somers Town, London, in 1797. She was the second child of the feminist philosopher, educator, and writer Mary Wollstonecraft, and the first child of the philosopher, novelist, and journalist William Godwin. Wollstonecraft died of puerperal fever ten days after Mary was born. Godwin was left to bring up Mary, along with her older half-sister, Fanny Imlay, Wollstonecraft's child by the American speculatorGilbert Imlay. A year after Wollstonecraft's death, Godwin published his Memoirs of the Author of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1798), which he intended as a sincere and compassionate tribute. However, because the Memoirs revealed Wollstonecraft's affairs and her illegitimate child, they were seen as shocking. Mary Godwin read these memoirs and her mother's books, and was brought up to cherish her mother's memory.
Mary's earliest years were happy ones, judging from the letters of William Godwin's housekeeper and nurse, Louisa Jones. But Godwin was often deeply in debt; feeling that he could not raise the children by himself, he cast about for a second wife. In December 1801, he married Mary Jane Clairmont, a well-educated woman with two young children of her own—Charles and Claire. Most of Godwin’s friends disliked his new wife, describing her as quick-tempered and quarrelsome; but Godwin was devoted to her, and the marriage was a success. Mary Godwin, on the other hand, came to detest her stepmother. William Godwin's 19th-century biographer C. Kegan Paul later suggested that Mrs Godwin had favoured her own children over Mary Wollstonecraft’s. Together, the Godwins started a publishing firm called M. J. Godwin, which sold children's books as well as stationery, maps, and games. However, the business did not turn a profit, and Godwin was forced to borrow substantial sums to keep it going. He continued to borrow to pay off earlier loans, compounding his problems. By 1809, Godwin's business was close to failure and he was "near to despair". Godwin was saved from debtor's prison by philosophical devotees such as Francis Place, who lent him further money. The Polygon (at left) in Somers Town, London, between Camden Town and St Pancras, where Mary Godwin was born and spent her earliest years Though Mary Godwin received little formal education.
Gifts For Her Gifts For Men Girls Boyfriends Valentines Day Of The Holy Spirit For Husband For Boys For Boys For Him For Girlfriend For Her
Gifts For Her Gifts For Men Girls Boyfriends Valentines Day Of The Holy Spirit For Husband For Boys For Boys For Him For Girlfriend For Her
Gifts For Her Gifts For Men Girls Boyfriends Valentines Day Of The Holy Spirit For Husband For Boys For Boys For Him For Girlfriend For Her
Gifts For Her Gifts For Men Girls Boyfriends Valentines Day Of The Holy Spirit For Husband For Boys For Boys For Him For Girlfriend For Her
Gifts For Her Gifts For Men Girls Boyfriends Valentines Day Of The Holy Spirit For Husband For Boys For Boys For Him For Girlfriend For Her
Gifts For Her Gifts For Men Girls Boyfriends Valentines Day Of The Holy Spirit For Husband For Boys For Boys For Him For Girlfriend For Her
Gifts For Her Gifts For Men Girls Boyfriends Valentines Day Of The Holy Spirit For Husband For Boys For Boys For Him For Girlfriend For Her
Gifts For Her Gifts For Men Girls Boyfriends Valentines Day Of The Holy Spirit For Husband For Boys For Boys For Him For Girlfriend For Her
Gifts For Her Gifts For Men Girls Boyfriends Valentines Day Of The Holy Spirit For Husband For Boys For Boys For Him For Girlfriend For Her
Gifts For Her Gifts For Men Girls Boyfriends Valentines Day Of The Holy Spirit For Husband For Boys For Boys For Him For Girlfriend For Her
Gifts For Her Gifts For Men Girls Boyfriends Valentines Day Of The Holy Spirit For Husband For Boys For Boys For Him For Girlfriend For Her
Gifts For Her Gifts For Men Girls Boyfriends Valentines Day Of The Holy Spirit For Husband For Boys For Boys For Him For Girlfriend For Her
Gifts For Her Gifts For Men Girls Boyfriends Valentines Day Of The Holy Spirit For Husband For Boys For Boys For Him For Girlfriend For Her
No comments:
Post a Comment