Mens Gift Ideas Biography
(Source google.com)
Nuptial gifts are food items or inedible tokens that are transferred to females by males during courtship or copulation. Inedible tokens may include items such as a fragment of leaf or twig, a seed tuft, or a silk balloon. In many species of animals, including birds, insects and spiders, this takes the form of a food item that is transferred by a male to a female just prior to copulation. This is a behaviour known as courtship feeding. In some species of insects such as katydids, the nuptial gift is packaged with the sperm of the male. The package is an edible spermatophore. These extra nutrients in the sperm are assimilated by the female and are thought to enhance the fitness of the offspring produced, thus increasing the probability that a male passes on its genes. Nuptial gifts may therefore be classified into oral and seminal gifts. Nuptial gifts may also be tokens that do not have any direct value as food but may serve as an indicator of male fitness. Nuptial gifts are common in insects and other invertebrates, such as butterflies, fruit flies and katydids.
They are less common inspiders, though the spider species Pisaura mirabilis is known for nuptial gift giving. In many species of insects, birds and mammals, males acquire and donate food to females either before, during, or after copulation (termed mate provisioning, courtship feeding, nuptial gift giving, or meat-for-sex). Males may relinquish body parts, produce glandular secretions, or share prey or other food to gain fitness benefits via natural and sexual selection. Courtship feeding is particularly common among many bird species. The male Great Grey Shrike, a raptor-like passerine bird, gives prey (rodents, birds, lizards, or large insects) to females immediately before copulation. Shrikes are well known for impaling prey on thorns and sharp sprigs. Great grey shrike females select a mate according to the size of prey impaled, with larders thus serving as an extended phenotype of a male. If the amount of food stored by the males can drive female mate choice, food provided before within and extra pair copulations by males may also influence the female's decision to copulate. Nuptial gift also occurs in humans. Depending on the culture, males are known to exchange gifts to females or the family of the female prior to marriage. Many human societies have a bride price which males pay, usually to a woman’s father, to secure a partner. For marriages in many modern western countries, men offer women diamond rings when making marriage proposals.
These arrangements entail a longterm commitment to the monopolization of reproductive currencies by each partner. Among humans, men also often show generous behavior to women as a mating strategy. For example, in a study by Saad and Gill, participants took part in a two-person ultimatum game, in which one was the allocator and the other the recipient and the allocator had to split a given sum of money with the recipient. The recipient could either accept or reject the offer. If accepted, both players received their respective splits, if rejected neither of them got anything. The results showed that men made more generous offers when pitted against a woman as opposed to a man. Women, on the other hand, made equal offers independently of the sex of the recipient.
A similar function was recently suggested for the trechaleid spider, Paratrechalea ornata. In both species, males can obtain mating without a gift, but male mating success increases dramatically when a gift is offered. In Pisaura mirabilis, the male pushes up the female during mating and performs alternate pedipalp insertions into the female sperm storage organs place ventrally on the abdomen. After each insertion the male returns to a face-to-face position with the female, grabbing the gift in the chelicerae. Females often control mating duration and they often attempt to run away with the gift upon terminating the copulation. Females are less likely to succeed in stealing a wrapped rather than an unwrapped gift due to the silk wrapping of the gift. The silk wrapping facilitates male handling and control over the gift, as it facilitates a stronger hold of the silk covered package versus and unwrapped insect. Male spiders have a unique opportunity for gift manipulation through the gift wrapping trait, for example by preventing female assessment of the gift content. By disguising the gift content, males may deceive females to copulate, while the female attempts to consume the gift. In Paratrechalea ornata, males were observed wrapping prey carrion and occasionally inedible items such as plant seeds. In Pisaura mirabilis, males have been reported to carry gifts containing empty arthropod exoskeletons or plant parts, gifts of no nutritional value.
Mens Gift Ideas Gifts For Men Girls Boyfriends Valentines Day of The Holy Spirit For Husband For Boys For Boys For Him For Girlfriend For Her
Mens Gift Ideas Gifts For Men Girls Boyfriends Valentines Day of The Holy Spirit For Husband For Boys For Boys For Him For Girlfriend For Her
Mens Gift Ideas Gifts For Men Girls Boyfriends Valentines Day of The Holy Spirit For Husband For Boys For Boys For Him For Girlfriend For Her
Mens Gift Ideas Gifts For Men Girls Boyfriends Valentines Day of The Holy Spirit For Husband For Boys For Boys For Him For Girlfriend For Her
Mens Gift Ideas Gifts For Men Girls Boyfriends Valentines Day of The Holy Spirit For Husband For Boys For Boys For Him For Girlfriend For Her
Mens Gift Ideas Gifts For Men Girls Boyfriends Valentines Day of The Holy Spirit For Husband For Boys For Boys For Him For Girlfriend For Her
Mens Gift Ideas Gifts For Men Girls Boyfriends Valentines Day of The Holy Spirit For Husband For Boys For Boys For Him For Girlfriend For Her
Mens Gift Ideas Gifts For Men Girls Boyfriends Valentines Day of The Holy Spirit For Husband For Boys For Boys For Him For Girlfriend For Her
Mens Gift Ideas Gifts For Men Girls Boyfriends Valentines Day of The Holy Spirit For Husband For Boys For Boys For Him For Girlfriend For Her
Mens Gift Ideas Gifts For Men Girls Boyfriends Valentines Day of The Holy Spirit For Husband For Boys For Boys For Him For Girlfriend For Her
Mens Gift Ideas Gifts For Men Girls Boyfriends Valentines Day of The Holy Spirit For Husband For Boys For Boys For Him For Girlfriend For Her
Mens Gift Ideas Gifts For Men Girls Boyfriends Valentines Day of The Holy Spirit For Husband For Boys For Boys For Him For Girlfriend For Her
Mens Gift Ideas Gifts For Men Girls Boyfriends Valentines Day of The Holy Spirit For Husband For Boys For Boys For Him For Girlfriend For Her
Mens Gift Ideas Gifts For Men Girls Boyfriends Valentines Day of The Holy Spirit For Husband For Boys For Boys For Him For Girlfriend For Her
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